{"id":2452,"date":"2024-10-02T08:07:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T08:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/craterre.org\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=2452"},"modified":"2024-10-02T08:07:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T08:07:58","slug":"salvador-reduire-la-vulnerabilite-des-populations-face-aux-risques-sismiques","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/craterre.org\/en\/case\/salvador-reduire-la-vulnerabilite-des-populations-face-aux-risques-sismiques\/","title":{"rendered":"El Salvador: reducing people's vulnerability to earthquake risks"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Objectives<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n
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  • Reducing the population's vulnerability to seismic risks ;<\/li>\n
  • Strengthening training centers ;<\/li>\n
  • Promote building systems that guarantee healthy and safe living;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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    Le Salvador est situ\u00e9 sur la plaque Cara\u00efbes, dans une r\u00e9gion hautement sismique de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale. Depuis les p\u00e9riodes pr\u00e9colombiennes, les b\u00e2tisseurs ont mis au point des techniques constructives simples, intelligentes et adapt\u00e9es prenant en compte les dangers li\u00e9s aux tremblements de terre. Cependant, face aux grands principes modernes de la construction, ces cultures locales du risque et les savoir-faire associ\u00e9s disparaissent rapidement. Ils ne sont plus reconnus par les enseignements universitaires et les r\u00e8gles administratives actuelles du secteur du b\u00e2timent ne leur sont pas favorables. Un d\u00e9calage se cr\u00e9e avec les attentes des populations devant se loger dans des b\u00e2timents \u00e0 la fois accessibles financi\u00e8rement et r\u00e9sistant aux s\u00e9ismes. Le programme de construction d\u2019habitation parasismique pour les populations rurales et p\u00e9riurbaines mal log\u00e9es au Salvador a commenc\u00e9 en 1994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Depuis plus de 15 ans, et en se basant sur un r\u00e9seau de coordination local (r\u00e9seau Caritas, la Plataforma), les partenaires locaux sont sensibilis\u00e9s \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur le long terme pour faire face \u00e0 une menace sismique permanente. Les comp\u00e9tences existantes sont renforc\u00e9es avec un appui aux centres de formation et de recherche \u00e0 qui sont fournis les informations et les outils ad\u00e9quats (unit\u00e9s de production\/construction, mat\u00e9riels p\u00e9dagogiques et de sensibilisation). Le savoir-faire des cultures constructives locales est \u00e9galement valoris\u00e9. Une strat\u00e9gie de sensibilisation et de diffusion des r\u00e9sultats obtenus est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour promouvoir l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations locales \u00e0 un meilleur habitat.<\/p>\n

    Des b\u00e2timents de d\u00e9monstration ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits : un module r\u00e9sistant au s\u00e9isme dans le Campus Universitaire de l\u2019UCA (1995) ; trois prototypes (\u00abLa Semilla\u00bb) r\u00e9partis dans chaque r\u00e9gion du Salvador et deux modules Bahareque Cer\u00e9n Mejorado (2001) dans la r\u00e9gion centrale (Zacatecoluca) et la r\u00e9gion orientale (San Miguel). Ceci a favoris\u00e9 une r\u00e9elle appropriation de l\u2019approche technique propos\u00e9e, bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9tude des caract\u00e9ristiques parasismiques de l\u2019habitat pr\u00e9colombien (site arch\u00e9ologique Joya de Cer\u00e9n). (Recherches sur le Bahareque Cer\u00e9n Mejorado, W.Carazas-Aedo, CRATerre-ENSAG.<\/p>\n

    Les activit\u00e9s de formation ont concern\u00e9 plus de 100 artisans, 50 ing\u00e9nieurs et architectes et 20 techniciens. Plus largement, on estime \u00e0 plus de 100 le nombre de communaut\u00e9s ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du programme et des milliers d\u2019habitations construites sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire national selon les prescriptions techniques mises au point.<\/p>\n

    Une \u00e9valuation du programme a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la pertinence des approches propos\u00e9es dont les id\u00e9es-clefs sont la prise en compte des cultures constructives locales pour permettre l\u2019utilisation optimale des connaissances, des savoir-faire et des mat\u00e9riaux locaux, la pr\u00e9paration aux d\u00e9sastres pour que les institutions et la population soient \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019anticiper au mieux les risques sismiques, et le renforcement des cha\u00eenes de comp\u00e9tences pour d\u00e9mocratiser le savoir en le donnant \u00e0 tous et au plus pr\u00e8s des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.<\/p>\n

    Results<\/h2>\n
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    • 11 institutions reached (1 donor; 2 universities; 8 NGOs)<\/li>\n
    • 170 construction professionals trained<\/li>\n
    • 1,000 families rehoused<\/li>\n
    • Teaching materials available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Partners<\/h2>\n

      La Plataforma (r\u00e9seau Caritas El Salvador), Fondation Salvadorienne pour le d\u00e9veloppement et l\u2019habitation \u00e9conomique (FUNDASAL), Association pour la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration spirituelle et \u00e9conomique de l\u2019homme (CREDHO), Universit\u00e9 Sime\u00f3n Ca\u00f1as de San Salvador, Misereor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Objectifs R\u00e9duire la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la population face aux risques […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2656,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[28],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[30],"class_list":["post-2452","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-projets","portfolio_tags-habitat"],"yoast_head":"\nSalvador : r\u00e9duire la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations face aux risques sismiques - CRAterre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/craterre.org\/en\/case\/salvador-reduire-la-vulnerabilite-des-populations-face-aux-risques-sismiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salvador : r\u00e9duire la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations face aux risques sismiques - 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